5/14/2018 4:39:00 PM
四六級翻譯預測(一)：公歷節慶雙語詳解
英語六級考試即將來臨，英語翻譯作為一項難點，也著實難倒了不少同學。但是還好，我們還有時間，樂文翻譯公司特別為大家整理了一套公歷節慶合集。多看多練，其意自現，相信你們都可以的。
閏年
Leap Years
The Chinese calendar features 12 months有12個月份. However, an extra month is inserted in the calendar when a leap year occurs每逢閏年時要添加一個月. Therefore, leap years in the Chinese calendar have 13 months, unlike leap years in the Gregorian calendar公歷 in which an extra day is included添加一天. A leap month is added to 添加the Chinese calendar approximately every three years (7 times in 19 years). The name of the leap month is the same as the previous lunar month閏月的名稱與之前的陰歷月份名稱相同. A leap year in the Chinese calendar does not necessarily不一定 fall at the same time a leap year occurs in the Gregorian calendar.
The Chinese calendar's origins can be traced as far back as追溯到 the 14th century BCE. The Shang oracle bones甲骨文 give evidence of a lunisolar calendar which has been much modified but persists to this day 延續至今. It is believed that the Emperor Huangdi (Huang Ti or Huang Di)黃帝 introduced the calendar between 3000 and 2600 BCE, or around 2637 BCE..
黃歷，又稱老黃歷、皇歷，是在中國農歷基礎上產生出來的，帶有每日吉兇宜忌的一種萬年歷。黃歷相傳是由軒轅黃帝創制，故稱為黃歷。黃歷主要內容為二十四節氣，每天的宜忌、干支、值神、星宿、月相、吉神兇煞等。
黃歷是古時帝王遵循的一個行為規范的書籍，并由欽天監計算頒訂，因此也稱皇歷；這里面不但包括了天文氣象、時令季節而且還包含了人民在日常生活中要遵守的一些禁忌，其內容指導中國勞動農民耕種時機，故又稱農民歷；中國民間俗稱為通書；但因通書的“書”字跟“輸”字同音，因避忌故又名通勝。
在現代，黃歷的主要內容包括：公歷、農歷和干支歷三套歷法，二十四節氣與禮拜天（星期）、宜忌、沖煞、方位、流年、太歲、三元九運、玄空九星等等。
China resisted the Gregorian calendar抵制使用公歷 until 1912 but it was not widely used throughout the country until the Communist victory in 1949. This widespread change occurred on October 1, 1949, when Mao Zedong, who led the People's Republic of China, ordered that the year should be in accord with保持一致 the Gregorian calendar.
Although China has adopted the Gregorian calendar in common with most other countries in the world for official and business purposes, the traditional Chinese calendar continues to define the dates of festivals界定節日 and is used for horoscopes占卜. The calendar has a very long history going back to the Xia追溯到 (21st century BC - 16th century BC) and Shang Dynasty (16th century BC - 11th century BC). It is based on a unique combination of astronomy and geography through observation and exploration. It is also referred to as the Lunar, Yin, Xia or the old Chinese calendar.陰歷、夏歷或老黃歷
Following its creation in the Xia Dynasty, succeeding reigns continued to use the calendar but modified it from time to time. The Han Dynasty rulers instituted the Taichu calendar, while during Tang Dynasty the Huangji calendar was introduced and it was adopted by Japan, Korea and Vietnam. With the founding of the Republic of China in 1912, the Gregorian calendar was brought into use開始使用公歷. Although ethnic groups such as Tibet and Dai have their own calendars, in essence本質上來講 they resemble that of the Han people與漢族的很相似. Islam reckons its own religion festivals according to the Islamic Calendar.
The calendar has links with natural sciences such as agriculture and astronomy天文學, solar terms節氣, the four seasons and traditional festivals such as the Spring Festival. There are links also with the 'Five Elements'五行 of which the ancient Chinese believed the physical universe物質世界 to be composed namely, metal, wood, water, fire and earth金木水火土. Finally, of course, is Chinese Zodiac屬相 - the symbolic animals生肖 associated with each year on a 12-year cycle.
Rules for Calculation
Each time the moon moves into line with the earth and the sun a new month begins and this is called 'Chu Yi'初一 or 'Shuo Ri' (the first day of a lunar month)朔日. The longest day of a year or Summer Solstice夏至 falls on在哪一天 the 21st or 22nd of June, and the shortest day is the Winter Solstice冬至 on either December 21, 22, or 23. Using these two annual events the year was divided into in 24 equal parts, each forming the 24 solar terms. The month with its first day nearest the Beginning of Spring (the first solar term)立春 is the first lunar month, and on that day the Spring Festival is held春節 and this varies不固定，介于之間 between January 20th and February 20th.
In China, there are public holidays公休假日on 7 legal festivals法定節日 in a year, namely New Year's Day元旦, Chinese New Year (Spring Festival)春節, Qingming Festival清明節, May Day五一勞動節, Dragon Boat Festival端午節, Mid-Autumn Festival端午節, and National Day國慶節.
五四青年節Youth Day
六一兒童節 Children's Day
八一建軍節Army Day of the Chinese People's Liberation Army
有半天假Women have half day off on Women's Day.
Young people over 14 years of age have a half day off on Youth Day. Children under 14 years old have a day off on Children's Day.
現役軍人Active members of the army have a half-day off on Army Day.
植樹節Arbor Day
教師節Teachers' Day
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